Thanks to cable TV,
the internet, overseas work and the growing affordability of travel, gayness in
the Philippines is being reconstructed. Where once there was only the “bakla”
and the “tomboy” and the rest invisible, nowadays the short key LGBT (for
lesbians, gays, bisexuals and transsexuals or transgendered people) is slowly
being appreciated. In Manila and provincial cities where gender consciousness
has touched shore, more and more trans people come out to distinguish
themselves and identify with either the male or the female sex. The transits,
or more accurately, the evolution from one sexual identity to another has not
been easy, however. Some politically conscious gay men, for instance, do not
take well to the emergence of the “transsexual Pinay”, viewing it as impertinent, maybe a repudiation of a caste. Among unpoliticized butch lesbians, there is also a strong
prejudice against those who do not dress the part and there exists a stubborn
demand to play roles, i.e., imitate heterosexual patterns of behaviour, with
one partner playing masculine and the other playing feminine. Androgynous types
who do not fit the binary roles are an object of jest and dubious interest and
may be harassed for double-crossing or for being phony wannabes. There is too
the tendency among middle-class and urbane lesbians to dissociate themselves
from what they contemptuously call the “generic” butch —an ascription that has more to do with class and
lifestyle rather than one’s sex.
Generally, lesbian
presence are taken for granted in dirty and low-paying occupations as bus
conductors, security guards, janitors, cannery workers, porters, cart pushers
and tricycle drivers. But in white-collar jobs like teaching, banking,
lawyering and the like, lesbians are ostensibly less visible. Recognition and
respect, it appears, is up to the heterosexual world to confer or deny, not for
the minority sex to obtain on demand. Even organizations like the party-list
Ladlad has to face widespread condemnation for daring to question the dominant
norm of the traditional family and heterosexuality. Within gay associations and
butch camps that privilege machismo, sexism and misogyny are yet to be
confronted.
The gay scene in the
Philippines is maybe among the liveliest in Asia, although as in most other
continents, the country’s “sexual minorities” were hardly ever part of its
political life. Gay and lesbian activists first came out in the 1990s, buffeted
by the strong wave of feminist consciousness that came with the pouring in of
aid money for women and gender-related projects. A strong albeit small segment
of the women’s movement in the Philippines would later give birth to a feminist
lesbian perspective which supports pro-women legislation, including
reproductive health, sexual rights and violence against women. This segment
distinguishes itself apart from, and is critical of, the gay-dominated LGBT
activism of the 2000s which is perceived as having little or no roots in
feminism and as such, does not adequately represent the interests of
women-identified lesbians. The party-list organization Ladlad, which at the
moment is the lone contender in the country’s electoral politics in so far as
looking after the specific interests of the minority sexes is concerned, has
yet to galvanize gay and trans vote for it to earn a seat in Congress. With
inter- and intra-organization conflicts very much alive as each player seeks to
compete for turf, funding, and political resource, it may still be a long way
before it can command the following of a broader contingent.
Gay issues
reinvigorated in the Philippines in 2007, after Ladlad’s application for
accreditation to join the elections was rejected by the Commission on
Elections. Ladlad seeks to represent the interests of lesbians, gays, bisexuals
and transgenders. When the Commission on Elections initially denied the party’s
application on grounds of “immorality,” the resulting indignation prompted the discrete
and otherwise disunited LGBT communities in Manila and nearby cities to rally
for a common cause. With congressional representation via the country’s
party-list system unrealized and several anti-discrimination bills still
pending in Congress, the LGBT community has every reason to unite around this
organization. Ladlad’s work among non-gays is however spotty. For lesbian
organizations with provincial issues, support for this LGBT organizations is
lukewarm, non-committal.